Patients are unable to recall information about traumatic or stressful events in the past.Some examples of memory loss seen in this type of amnesia are as follows: Psychological events such as emotional stress can trigger this episodic memory disorder. Rather, it is due to some psychological causes. This type of amnesia does not result from neurological damage to the brain. Recent as well as distant memories are lost.ĭissociative amnesia is an episodic type of memory disorder in which retrograde amnesia is present while anterograde amnesia is not seen. During the episodes of memory loss, patients are unable to recall their personal information. One episode of retrograde memory loss may last from hours to days or even years. It is a temporary type of amnesia characterized by episodic memory loss. Studies suggest that these two types of amnesia are partially related to the hippocampus.īoth anterograde and retrograde amnesia can coexist in some patients at the same time. Role of HippocampusĪlthough damage to the hippocampus causes anterograde amnesia, some hippocampal lesions show retrograde amnesia to a small extent along with anterograde amnesia. It can also be due to cerebrovascular accidents, stroke, head trauma, alcohol abuse, or drug abuse, etc. Retrograde amnesia can result from damage to different parts of the brain other than the hippocampus. These memories are stored in the widespread areas of the brain. It is due to the reason that the distant memories have been recalled so many times that their memory tracks become deeply ingrained in the brain. When retrograde amnesia occurs, the memories of the events in the recent past are more affected as compared to the distant past. Complete or partial memory loss can be seen depending on the extent of the damage. However, the memories stored in the brain prior to brain damage are lost. He can form memories of the recent events that will remain intact. In this type of amnesia, the patient is unable to recall memories from the past. The friends and family of such patients can help them live a better life. However, patients can be educated to take care while performing daily life activities and develop procedural memory. This type of amnesia cannot be treated via pharmacological management. These include stroke, trauma, surgery, encephalitis, alcoholism, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, anoxia to the brain, etc. Other causesĪnterograde amnesia can also result from some mother causes other than the hippocampal damage. Thus, it is believed that any damage or injury to the hippocampus can result in anterograde amnesia. However, the memories stored in the brain prior to the removal of the hippocampus remained intact. It has been found that the removal of the hippocampus in some patients resulted in the inability to store new information in the long-term or intermediate memory. It is involved in the formation of long-term memory. Hippocampus is a part of the brain present in the medial temporal lobe. However, he cannot keep the record of the event that occurred after the injury to the brain. It is a type of amnesia in which the person is unable to create new memories. However, various other types of amnesia have also been studies.įollowing are the types of amnesia that are known to the neuroscientists today. There are two main types of amnesia anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) and retrograde amnesia (old memories are lost). In this article, we will discuss major types of amnesia, factors that can cause amnesia, the clinical features of the diseases, and its management. It may also be present in some individuals at the time of birth. Amnesia can occur either due to damage to some areas of the brain or due to some substance abuse. Depending on the cause of damage, it may result in partial or complete memory loss. Self-stimulation is possible due to the facilitation of the synapses.Īmnesia is defined as a temporary or permanent state of decreased memory. The same information can be recalled by the self-stimulation of these synapses by the signals arising within the brain. Each time certain sensory signals pass through a specific sequence of synapses, they become facilitated. This information is stored in the form of facilitated synaptic tracts in the brain. Memory is defined as the storage of information in the brain.
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